During which process do deamination and decarboxylation occur simultaneously?

Putrefaction is the correct answer because it is the process where organic matter, especially proteins, is broken down by bacteria and other microorganisms. During putrefaction, proteins undergo deamination, which is the removal of an amino group, and decarboxylation, which involves the removal of a carboxyl group. Both processes are crucial for the breakdown of amino acids, leading to the production of ammonia and other compounds that contribute to the distinctive odors of decomposing matter.

In contrast, fermentation primarily involves the breakdown of carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen and does not typically include the simultaneous deamination or decarboxylation of proteins. Respiration, particularly aerobic respiration, involves the breakdown of glucose and other substrates to produce energy, relying on oxygen and primarily resulting in carbon dioxide and water, rather than focusing on protein decomposition. Digestion entails the breakdown of food into simpler molecules for absorption but does not involve simultaneous deamination and decarboxylation of proteins in the same prominent way as in putrefaction.