How many bonds must each carbon atom have in a stable organic molecule?

In a stable organic molecule, each carbon atom typically forms four bonds. This tetravalent nature of carbon allows it to create a variety of complex structures, as it can bond with other carbon atoms as well as with different elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and others. The ability of carbon to form four covalent bonds is crucial for the diversity of organic compounds and the complexity of biomolecules, like proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Understanding carbon's bonding preferences helps explain how different organic compounds are structured. For example, in hydrocarbons, carbon can form single, double, or even triple bonds with other carbon atoms, leading to different molecular shapes and chemical properties. Having four bonds is essential to achieve a stable electronic configuration, enabling carbon to complete its octet and fulfill the requirements for stability in organic chemistry.