What defines a matriarchy?

A matriarchy is characterized as a societal or governmental system where women hold primary power, often with a matrilineal descent and the mother figure recognized as the head. This structure contrasts sharply with patriarchal systems, where men typically dominate leadership roles and authority, thus establishing a clear distinction in governance and social organization.

In a matriarchy, women are not only involved in leadership positions but also play a significant role in family and community decision-making. This contrasts with other systems such as councils or democratic voting processes, which may not specifically highlight gender roles in leadership or power dynamics. Therefore, the identification of a matriarchical society as one led primarily by women emphasizes the unique social arrangement of authority and influence centered around female figures.