What does demography study?

Demography is the statistical study of populations, primarily focusing on their size, distribution, density, and changes over time due to births, deaths, migrations, and aging. It involves analyzing data to understand the characteristics and dynamics of populations, such as age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. This information is crucial in various fields, including sociology, economics, public health, and urban planning, as it helps determine resource allocation and the planning of services.

In contrast, the other options refer to different fields of study. The first option discusses literature trends, relating to cultural studies rather than population statistics. The second option pertains to sociology, focusing on behavior and social interactions, which is not the primary concern of demography. The last option addresses historical events and family structures, which falls under historical or sociological research but not specifically under the statistical analysis of populations, which is the essence of demography. Thus, the correct identification of demography as the study of statistical data related to populations aligns perfectly with its core principles and objectives.