What does shame involve in terms of self-perception?

Shame is a complex emotional response that typically involves a negative self-perception and a feeling of inadequacy. When someone experiences shame, they often internalize blame for perceived failures or shortcomings, leading to a diminished sense of self-worth. This process can cause individuals to feel as though they are fundamentally flawed or unworthy, which aligns with the concept of assuming blame.

This self-blame can manifest as a critical inner dialogue, where the individual believes they are responsible for their emotional pain or social misstep. By contrast, options such as self-exaltation, increased self-worth, and public recognition do not relate to the experience of shame, as these are more associated with positive self-perceptions and feelings of accomplishment or validation. In summary, the assumption of blame encapsulates the essence of shame, as it reflects a person's negative assessment of themselves and their actions.