What does the term hyperplasia refer to?

The term hyperplasia specifically refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which can result in its enlargement. This physiological process can occur in response to various stimuli, such as hormonal changes, increased functional demand, or tissue injury. In hyperplasia, the cells increase in number while generally maintaining their normal appearance and function, distinguishing it from other forms of tissue growth or enlargement.

The correct choice highlights this fundamental aspect of hyperplasia, allowing for a clear understanding of how cellular proliferation can affect tissues in both normal and pathological states. For instance, physiological hyperplasia is seen in the breast tissue during pregnancy, where glandular tissue increases to prepare for lactation. On the other hand, pathological hyperplasia may occur in response to persistent irritation or infections, leading to conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia.

To clarify the context of the other options, decreased cell size typically refers to atrophy, which signifies a reduction in cell size rather than an increase in number. The formation of scar tissue is associated with fibrosis or healing after injury rather than hyperplasia, highlighting a qualitative change in the tissue rather than a quantitative increase. Abnormal tissue growth can encompass a wide range of processes, including hyperplasia, but lacks the specificity of referring solely