What is the name given to the chemical reaction that involves the removal of oxygen from an inorganic substance?

The chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen from an inorganic substance is known as reduction. In a reduction reaction, an atom or molecule gains electrons or hydrogen, which is often accompanied by the removal of oxygen. This process is essential in various chemical and biological systems, including metabolic pathways.

Reduction is often contrasted with oxidation, which involves the addition of oxygen or the loss of electrons. The interplay between oxidation and reduction reactions (collectively termed redox reactions) is fundamental in understanding many chemical processes.

The other options represent different types of reactions that do not fit the given description. Synthesis refers to a type of reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a more complex product. Decomposition involves breaking down a compound into simpler components or elements, while oxidation is the opposite of reduction, focusing on the gain of oxygen or loss of electrons.