What is the process called when cells digest themselves using their own enzymes?

The process of cells digesting themselves using their own enzymes is known as autolysis. This term specifically refers to the breakdown of a cell through its own internal mechanisms, typically occurring after death or in pathological states. During autolysis, the cell's enzymes, such as lysosomal enzymes, are released and begin breaking down the cell's components. This self-digestion is a natural process that can occur when cellular homeostasis is disrupted, leading to the degradation of cellular structures.

Necrosis refers to the uncontrolled cell death that occurs due to injury or disease, resulting in inflammation and damage to surrounding tissues, which is distinct from the orderly process of autolysis. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a programmed cell death mechanism that is more controlled and does not involve the destructive release of enzymes in the same way as autolysis. Hydrolysis typically refers to the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water and is not specifically related to the self-digestion of cells. Thus, autolysis is the correct term for the process described in the question.