What is the term for a charge against another's property as security for a debt or claim?

The term for a charge against another person's property as security for a debt or claim is a lien. A lien establishes a legal right or interest that a lender or creditor has in the property of a borrower, until the obligation is satisfied or fulfilled. This means that if the borrower defaults on the debt, the creditor can take possession of the property to recover the owed amount.

Mortgages also relate to property and debts, but specifically refer to a type of lien that is used to secure a loan for purchasing real estate. Although a mortgage is a common form of lien, the broad definition of a lien encompasses various types of security interests beyond just real estate.

A debenture is a type of debt instrument that is not secured against an asset, while a promissory note is simply a written promise to pay a specified amount to a designated person at a specified time, but does not inherently convey a security interest in property. Therefore, the specific term that describes the broader concept of a claim against property as security for a debt is a lien.