What process describes the breakdown of carbohydrates in the body?

The breakdown of carbohydrates in the body is best described by the process of metabolism. Metabolism encompasses the entirety of biochemical processes that occur within an organism, which includes catabolic and anabolic reactions. In the context of carbohydrates, metabolism specifically refers to the conversion of these compounds into energy through a series of chemical reactions.

Fermentation is a specific type of metabolic process, often occurring in anaerobic conditions, where sugars are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol. While fermentation does involve the breakdown of carbohydrates, it is a subset of metabolism and not the overarching term used to describe the entire process.

Respiration typically refers to cellular respiration, a metabolic process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It is also a part of metabolism but focuses more on the energy production aspect.

Decomposition is a biological process pertaining to the breakdown of organic matter, including carbohydrates, outside living organisms, and does not specifically apply to the metabolic processes occurring within the body.

Thus, metabolism accurately describes the comprehensive process that includes all the biochemical reactions, making it the correct choice for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the body.