What process involves the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution?

The correct response is focused on the concept of osmosis, which is a specific process in which water (the solvent) moves through a semipermeable membrane from an area where it is less concentrated with solute to an area where it is more concentrated with solute. This movement occurs to balance the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane, aiming for equilibrium. Osmosis is essential in many biological and physiological processes, including the regulation of fluids in cells and maintaining homeostasis.

In contrast, filtration refers to the process of separating solids from liquids or gases using a filter that allows certain smaller molecules to pass while blocking larger ones. Diffusion involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need for a semipermeable membrane and occurs with any type of molecule, not just solvents. Sublimation is the transition of a substance from a solid to a gas phase without passing through a liquid stage, which does not relate to the movement of solvents or solutions. Understanding these differences clarifies why osmosis is the correct answer for this particular question.