What role do amino acids play in the structure of proteins?

Amino acids serve as the fundamental building blocks of proteins. Each protein is composed of one or more chains of amino acids, linked together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence determined by genetic information. This sequence dictates the protein's unique three-dimensional structure, which is essential for its function. The properties of the amino acids, such as their size, charge, and hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature, contribute significantly to the overall shape and stability of the protein.

Understanding that proteins are made up of amino acids is crucial in various areas, from biochemistry to the study of genetics and molecular biology, as it underpins the fundamental processes of life, including enzyme activity, cellular signaling, and structural integrity of cells.