What substance is produced by the saponification of fatty acids in the dead human body?

The substance produced by the saponification of fatty acids in a deceased human body is adipocere. This process occurs when body fats undergo hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation in a moist, anaerobic environment, leading to the formation of this waxy, soap-like substance. Adipocere is typically seen in bodies that are buried in damp conditions or are otherwise shielded from air exposure.

During saponification, fatty acids react with alkaline substances, which can lead to the generation of adipocere. Its presence can act as a significant indicator in forensic science related to the post-mortem interval and environmental conditions surrounding decomposition. Understanding the significance of adipocere in the context of body decomposition is crucial in forensic investigations, as it can provide insights into the timeline and circumstances of a person's death.