What system is used to measure hydrogen ion concentration?

The measurement of hydrogen ion concentration is specifically quantified by the pH system, which provides a scale that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with lower values representing higher concentrations of hydrogen ions (indicating acidity) and higher values indicating lower concentrations (indicating alkalinity). The pH value is calculated as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, thus making it a direct measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.

While the acid-base system encompasses various factors influencing acidity and alkalinity, the pH system is the precise method used to express hydrogen ion concentration numerically. The electrolyte system deals with the presence and balance of ions in a solution, and the oxidation-reduction system pertains to the transfer of electrons and changes in oxidation states, neither of which directly measures hydrogen ion concentration. Therefore, the pH system is the most accurate and commonly used approach for this purpose.