What term refers to a lien or mortgage against real property?

The term that signifies a lien or mortgage against real property is "Encumbrance." In the context of real estate, an encumbrance is a legal right or interest in property that may affect its transferability. This term encompasses various claims such as liens, mortgages, easements, or restrictions, which can limit the owner's ability to freely sell or use the property. Lenders often place a lien on property to secure a loan, ensuring that they have a claim to the property should the borrower default on their obligations.

In contrast to encumbrance, the other terms do not specifically denote a legal claim against property. An obligation generally refers to a duty or commitment, often related to financial responsibilities but not necessarily tied to real estate. Charge can mean an encumbrance but is less commonly used in the context of liens and mortgages, making it less precise in this instance. Liability usually refers to an entity's legal responsibilities or debts, which doesn't directly pertain to the concept of securing a loan with a property. Thus, encumbrance is the most accurate term to describe a lien or mortgage against real property.