What type of solution results in no significant change in the size of a blood cell?

The correct answer is isotonic solution, which is essential to understand in the context of osmotic balance and cell biology. An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a blood cell, meaning that there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell. Consequently, the size of the blood cell remains stable in an isotonic environment.

When placed in an isotonic solution, the osmotic pressure remains balanced, preventing any change in the cell size – this is crucial for maintaining normal physiological function. Cells in this state can carry out their metabolic activities without the risk of swelling or shriveling, which can lead to cellular dysfunction or even cell death.

In contrast, a hypotonic solution causes water to move into the cell where the solute concentration is lower, potentially leading to swelling and possibly bursting. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to move out and resulting in cell shrinkage. Distilled water, which is hypotonic relative to blood cells, would also result in a decrease in cell integrity as water rushes in, causing them to swell. This understanding is critical in fields like healthcare and biology, where maintaining cell integrity is essential for proper function.