Which condition describes the enlargement of the heart to compensate for a valvular defect?

The condition that describes the enlargement of the heart as a compensation for a valvular defect is pathological hypertrophy. This type of hypertrophy occurs as a response to increased workload or stress on the heart, which is commonly seen in cases of valvular heart disease. When a valve does not function properly, it forces the heart to pump harder to maintain blood flow, leading to an increase in muscle mass.

Pathological hypertrophy differs from physiological hypertrophy, which occurs in response to normal physiological demands, such as exercise. It is essential to differentiate between these types of hypertrophy because pathological hypertrophy is often associated with underlying health issues and can lead to heart failure if the underlying cause is not addressed. In the context of valvular defects, the heart's adaptation can be detrimental over time, highlighting the importance of recognizing this condition in the field of cardiovascular health.