Which function does Read Only Memory (ROM) serve in computers?

Read Only Memory (ROM) serves the critical function of storing programs and predetermined information that the computer needs to operate. ROM is non-volatile, meaning it retains its contents even when the power is turned off. This characteristic makes it ideal for storing firmware, which is essential software that runs when the computer starts up, such as the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). The programs and information stored in ROM are typically not intended to be modified under normal circumstances, which is why it is referred to as "read only."

In contrast, temporary storage for editing documents is typically handled by Random Access Memory (RAM), which is volatile and loses its data when power is lost. Increasing the speed of data processing is more a function of the CPU and RAM rather than ROM. Lastly, while ROM does retain important data, it does not provide backup for volatile memory; that function is more commonly associated with external storage solutions or specific backup systems.