Which of the following names is a synonym for phenol?

The name "carbolic acid" is a well-established synonym for phenol. Phenol is a colorless to light pink compound with a distinct odor that has a wide range of applications, particularly in the field of embalming and preservation due to its antifungal and antibacterial properties. Historically, phenol was referred to as carbolic acid, especially in the context of its use in antiseptics and disinfectants.

When phenol is chemically described, it consists of a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Its classification as carbolic acid harkens back to its origins in the industrial context, often associated with coal tar and its early uses in medicine and hygiene.

The other names provided—formic acid, acetic acid, and citric acid—refer to completely different chemical compounds with distinct properties and structures, thus making them not synonymous with phenol. Formic acid is a simple carboxylic acid, acetic acid is commonly known as vinegar, and citric acid is found in citrus fruits. These acids do not function in the same contexts as phenol, particularly in the funeral service domain.