Which of the following represents equity in a business?

In the context of business finance, equity refers to the ownership value in a company, which comprises various components. Owner's investment directly represents capital that the owner has put into the business, which is a fundamental aspect of equity. Retained earnings are the accumulated profits that have been reinvested in the business rather than distributed to owners, contributing to overall equity as they increase the company's value.

Bank loans, while representing a form of liability rather than ownership, can indirectly relate to equity if they enable the business to grow, thus potentially increasing the value of the equity held by owners. However, the primary components of equity focus on owner contributions and retained profits.

Thus, when considering the options together, the phrase "all of the above" encompasses the understanding that various elements contribute to the overall valuation of equity in a business, making it the correct choice. Each of the terms mentioned plays a significant role in the financial structure of a business and relates to its equity in different ways.