Which philosophy is based on the teachings of Epicurus?

The correct choice is founded on the teachings of Epicurus, who emphasized the pursuit of happiness through the moderation of desires and the seeking of pleasure grounded in the understanding of the natural world. Epicureanism teaches that the greatest good is to seek pleasure and to avoid pain, advocating for a life of simple pleasures, friendship, and philosophical contemplation. Epicurus believed that by understanding the nature of the universe and the limits of human desires, individuals could attain a state of tranquility and freedom from fear.

In contrast to other philosophies mentioned, Skepticism questions the possibility of certain knowledge, while Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing overall happiness and outcomes for the greatest number of people, irrespective of individual pleasure. Stoicism, on the other hand, teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of overcoming destructive emotions, emphasizing virtue over pleasure. Each of these philosophies carries distinct principles that differ from the hedonistic approach of Epicureanism, which specifically promotes individual well-being as the primary ethical consideration.