Which term describes the science of vital statistics of populations?

The term that describes the science of vital statistics of populations is demographic. Demographics involves the study of populations, specifically focusing on factors such as birth rates, death rates, marriage rates, and the overall structure of populations. This field is crucial for understanding societal trends, planning for public services, and analyzing the needs of different communities.

Demographic studies can inform various sectors, including healthcare and policy-making, by providing insights into population dynamics. It encompasses a range of statistical analyses that help in forecasting future trends and understanding the implications of changes within a population.

The other terms listed do not pertain specifically to the science of vital statistics. Cultural relativism refers to the understanding that a person's beliefs and values should be understood based on that person's own culture rather than be judged against the criteria of another culture. Customs are established practices or traditions within a society, while mores are the accepted traditional customs and usages of a particular social group. None of these terms relate directly to the scientific analysis of population statistics in the way that demographics do.