Who contributed to the development of funeral arts and restorative techniques in the early 20th century?

The correct answer is Joel Crandall, who played a significant role in the development of funeral arts and restorative techniques during the early 20th century. Crandall is recognized for his contributions to the formalization and advancement of embalming practices and restorative arts, significantly impacting how funeral services were conducted. His work laid the groundwork for modern techniques in restoring the deceased, improving the presentation of the body for viewing, which is a critical aspect of funeral service.

Crandall's influence is evident in the professionalization of funeral methods, emphasizing the importance of both aesthetics and the psychological aspects of grief in the funeral process. His legacy continues to be part of the curriculum in funeral service education, showcasing the importance of such restorative techniques in providing a dignified farewell to the deceased.

In contrast, figures such as Marcello Malpighi and Frederick Ruysch are primarily known for their contributions to early anatomy and biology, which, while foundational for the study of human remains, are not directly tied to the funeral arts or restorative techniques. Osiris, on the other hand, is an ancient Egyptian deity associated with the afterlife and resurrection, which does not pertain to the early 20th-century developments in funeral practices. Hence, Joel Crandall